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Healthy Skepticism International News

February 2008

HPV vaccine: An (unpublished) letter to the editor

What is truly mind-boggling about Christie Blatchford’s column “U of T logic on HPV vaccine boggles the mind” (January 30, 2008), is the misinformation it contains. Contrary to what was written, the HPV vaccine, Gardasil, is not a “vaccine against cancer,” and we do not now know if it will “prevent 70% of cervical cancers.” This vaccine is directed against four strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) – two of which are associated with cervical cancer if they persist and cause cellular changes that go undetected in those infected. While it’s true that about 75% of women will contract an HPV infection at some point in their lifetimes, and that many will first experience this during their sexually-active university years, the students Blatchford seems so concerned about may have already had an infection, most likely with one that’s not “high-risk,” and, more important perhaps, will be among the 90% or so who clear an HPV infection spontaneously within two years (i.e., they have no need for treatment). Most women, even if they remain infected with one of the high-risk HPV strains covered by the vaccine need not develop cervical cancer if there is a robust and efficient Pap testing program available for detecting early cellular changes. An email circulated to U of T students would better serve their overall sexual health if it were to promote safer sex and condom use and remind young women to have regular Pap smears as a proven effective approach to prevent invasive cervical cancer. As for promoting the HPV vaccine for men, this would be to use the vaccine in a way that has not yet been approved by Canadian advisory groups and regulators. While the HPV vaccine may one day become part of the fight against cervical cancer, encouraging mass immunizations of college-age students has neither an evidence nor a public health policy base. Misinformation about the HPV vaccine appears daily in the media across North America. It’s time to look more closely at the details – and to stick to the facts.

Sincerely,

Madeline Boscoe, RN, DU
    Advocacy and Special Projects Coordinator
    Women’s Health Clinic

Abby Lippman, PhD
    Chair, Policy Committee
    Canadian Women’s Health Network

Ellen Reynolds
    Director of Communications
    Canadian Women’s Health Network

Anne Rochon Ford
    Central Coordinator
    Women and Health Protection

The article in question:

U of T logic on HPV vaccine boggles the mind

Christie Blatchford

From Canada’s Globe and Mail, Wednesday January 30 2008

The University of Toronto has flatly refused to broadly distribute the most rudimentary information about a cancer-causing virus and the vaccine that prevents it.

A quiet six-month-long campaign by two Toronto physicians, Rob Wagman and Raymond Tellier, to have the university distribute on its student listserv a simple message about the human papillomavirus (HPV), ended in failure earlier this month when the school’s governing council declined to reconsider a decision made by U of T president David Naylor and provost Vivek Goel.

Both Dr. Wagman and Dr. Tellier say they are bewildered by the decision, particularly as it was made by the university’s top two officials, both of whom are physicians.

Mr. Naylor is the university’s former dean of medicine and Mr. Goel a former chair in the faculty of medicine.

Ironically, Mr. Goel’s online biography notes that “his primary research interests include health care evaluation with a focus on medical screening intervention, especially cancer screening…”

As Dr. Tellier, a microbiologist at the Hospital for Sick Children, told The Globe and Mail yesterday, “A vaccine against cancer: How cool is that?”

HPV is the name for a group of more than 100 viruses, more than 30 of which are sexually transmitted and a handful of which lead to cervical cancer - the second most common cancer in Canadian women under the age of 44 - and genital warts, and are also linked to vaginal, vulvar and anal cancers.

In June, 2006, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration formally approved the HPV vaccine Gardasil as safe and effective - a decision followed less than a month later by Health Canada - it was hailed as a breakthrough day for women’s health against the most common sexually transmitted infection in both countries.

In Canada every year, about 1,400 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 400 die of it.

In clinical trials in young women aged nine to 26, the vaccine was found to prevent 70 per cent of cervical cancers and 90 per cent of genital warts and was nearly 100 per cent effective in preventing precancerous lesions.

Because Gardasil doesn’t prevent all cervical cancers, women are strongly urged to continue getting regular Pap smears and to use condoms.

The manufacturer, Merck Frosst Canada Ltd., is studying the effectiveness of the vaccine in men, but with 75 per cent of sexually active Canadians estimated to get at least one HPV infection during their lifetimes, some doctors already recommend the use of the vaccine for men.

The effort to get the country’s largest university - the U of T has about 70,000 students at three campuses - to push the vaccine began with Dr. Wagman, who is an ophthalmologist with a large pediatric practice.

In an interview at his office yesterday, he gestured to the usual chair and eye doctor’s equipment, grinned and said, “As you can see, I’m a gynecologist and obstetrician.”

Now 53, Dr. Wagman’s young patients have grown up with him, and he sees himself as their advocate.

So, when the HPV vaccine became available about 18 months ago, he began asking his teenage female patients, “Got your HPV vaccine yet?” Inevitably, he said, they answered, “What’s an HPV?”

When one patient in her 20s replied, “Unfortunately, I’ve had cervical cancer,” Dr. Wagman decided, “Screw this.”

Last summer, he approached the health service at U of T, where he is on the faculty of the medical school, and suggested it send out a simple statement to female students: “Cervical cancer is the second-most common cancer in women under age 50 today. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection at the U of T today. HPV can cause cervical cancer. Talk to your doctor about the new HPV vaccine.”

By September, Dr. Wagman learned the health service “was being blocked” from sending out the information, and enlisted the help of his patient and friend, Dr. Tellier, and together, they wrote Mr. Goel and then Mr. Naylor.

On Nov. 30, Dr. Tellier sent a letter of his own, citing the clinical studies and pointing out that the National Advisory Committee on Immunization recommended vaccination not just for the younger age group covered by three provinces (Ontario, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island) but also for women aged 14 to 26.

“We are not asking that the university of Toronto recommends the vaccine, but merely that it provides by e-mail to its student listserv, or points to the relevant information,” Dr. Tellier wrote. The two doctors then appealed to the university’s governing council, and on Jan. 18, received a letter from chair Jack Petch, telling them Mr. Naylor and Mr. Goel had “made a decision appropriately” and that the council “has no reason to reconsider.”

In fact, as U of T spokesperson Ruta Pocius confirmed yesterday, the matter never even went before the council.

On Jan. 21, Dr. Wagman made one last pitch, and sent Mr. Naylor a final e-mail.

This time, he included a notice that was sent to male and female students at the University of Ottawa by its health services director, Don Kirby, that explained in clear language the virus and the vaccine and recommended it for both women and men, noting that the latter “are also carriers and equally responsible for the prevention of HPV infection.”

The notice also pointed out that the three-dose vaccine - each dose costs about $135 - is partly subsidized for those covered by the Univesity of Ottawa’s student health plan.

Only yesterday did Dr. Wagman receive a reply from Mr. Naylor.

This terse letter was provided to The Globe by Ms. Pocius shortly after Dr. Wagman was sent his copy.

In the letter, Mr. Naylor sniped that the Ottawa university had issued a clarification about the recommendation for men, although, in fact, the “clarification” strongly reiterated Dr. Kirby’s original recommendation, but acknowledged that Health Canada was not suggesting it for males at this time.

“I respect your commitment as manifested by multiple e-mails,” Mr. Naylor wrote, “but I have ongoing doubts that the appropriate communication and vaccination strategy is as straightforward as you have argued.”

He noted that the university has “the vaccine available,” will offer it “where it is clinically indicated” and has promoted the vaccine on the student health website.

“We have not issued a mass direct mailing ... as there is no public health recommendation for mass immunization in our target age group.”

But Mr. Naylor is plainly wrong.

In August of last year, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada strongly recommended that all Canadian girls and women aged nine to 26 be vaccinated, the recommendation endorsed by no fewer than six other Canadian health groups, including the Canadian Pediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology and Obstetrics Committee, the Quebec Association of Pediatricians, and the Federation of Medical Women of Canada.

But while the quality and availability of HPV information varies from campus to campus across the country, a spokesperson for Merck Frosst says the U of T’s approach is sadly typical - the matter is left to university health clinics, whose staff do one-on-one outreach.

“Our research has shown that no university has taken on a role educating the student body about HPV,” Sheila Murphy, public affairs manager for Merck Frosst, told The Globe in a telephone interview from her Montreal office.

The Canadian Women’s Health Network (CWHN, http://www.cwhn.ca/) was created in 1993 as a voluntary national organization to improve the health and lives of girls and women in Canada and the world by collecting, producing, distributing and sharing knowledge, ideas, education, information, resources, strategies and inspirations.

We are a far-reaching web of researchers and activists, mothers, daughters, caregivers, and family members, people working in community clinics and on hospital floors, at the university, in provincial and federal health ministries, and in women’s organizations, all dedicated to bettering women’s health and equality.

 

 

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...to influence multinational corporations effectively, the efforts of governments will have to be complemented by others, notably the many voluntary organisations that have shown they can effectively represent society’s public-health interests…
A small group known as Healthy Skepticism; formerly the Medical Lobby for Appropriate Marketing) has consistently and insistently drawn the attention of producers to promotional malpractice, calling for (and often securing) correction. These organisations [Healthy Skepticism, Médecins Sans Frontières and Health Action International] are small, but they are capable; they bear malice towards no one, and they are inscrutably honest. If industry is indeed persuaded to face up to its social responsibilities in the coming years it may well be because of these associations and others like them.
- Dukes MN. Accountability of the pharmaceutical industry. Lancet. 2002 Nov 23; 360(9346)1682-4.